11/25/2023 0 Comments S1 and s2 heart soundsThis sound is made up of four internal components, two of which are the main: the mitral component M1 associated with the closure of the mitral valve and the tricuspid component (T1) associated with the closure of the tricuspid valve. The sound S1 corresponding to the start of the ventricular systole is due to the closure of the atrioventricular valves. The other two sounds (S3 and S4) have much smaller amplitudes than the first two so that they can only appear under very specific conditions (childhood or old age or as precursors of any pathology). Under normal conditions, the heart produces four sounds during each cycle, but most often, only two essential sounds appear (S1 and S2), as shown in (Figure 1). The PCG signal confirms, and above all, refines the auscultation data and provides additional information on sound activities regarding the chronology of pathological signs in the cardiac cycle, by situating them in relation to normal non-pathological sounds of the heart. The processing of the Phonocardiogram Signal (PCG) in terms of recordings is essential for the diagnosis of various cardiac pathologies. During a transplant of a prosthesis replacing one of these four valves (responsible for heart sound), it is easier to proceed with the transplant by phonocardiography, which gives impressive results. Also, it turns out that phonocardiography gives a lot more results when studying the functioning of the heart valves (mitral, pulmonary, tricuspid, and mitral). However, with the introduction of modern imaging techniques, much of the recent research on physiological heart signal analysis has focused on electrical and ultrasonic signals, whereas mechanical and acoustic signals were relatively overlooked. Analysis techniques, including time-domain, frequency domain, and modeling methods, have been developed for heart sounds. The clinical application of vibroacoustic heart signals was extensively studied 30–40 years ago.
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